枚举类的使用

本笔记来源于：尚硅谷Java零基础全套视频教程(宋红康2023版，java入门自学必备)
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1. 枚举类的说明：

• 1.枚举类的理解：类的对象只有有限个，确定的。我们称此类为枚举类
• 2.当需要定义一组常量时，强烈建议使用枚举类
• 3.如果枚举类中只一个对象，则可以作为单例模式的实现方式。

2. 如何自定义枚举类？步骤：

//自定义枚举类
class Season{
    //1.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值
    private Season(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //3.提供当前枚举类的多个对象：public static final的
    public static final Season SPRING = new Season("春天","春暖花开");
    public static final Season SUMMER = new Season("夏天","夏日炎炎");
    public static final Season AUTUMN = new Season("秋天","秋高气爽");
    public static final Season WINTER = new Season("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //4.其他诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
    //4.其他诉求1：提供toString()
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Season{" +
                "seasonName='" + seasonName + '\'' +
                ", seasonDesc='" + seasonDesc + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

3. jdk 5.0 新增使用enum定义枚举类。步骤：

//使用enum关键字枚举类
enum Season1 {
    //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"),
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"),
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"),
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地");

    //2.声明Season对象的属性:private final修饰
    private final String seasonName;
    private final String seasonDesc;

    //2.私化类的构造器,并给对象属性赋值

    private Season1(String seasonName,String seasonDesc){
        this.seasonName = seasonName;
        this.seasonDesc = seasonDesc;
    }

    //4.其他诉求1：获取枚举类对象的属性
    public String getSeasonName() {
        return seasonName;
    }

    public String getSeasonDesc() {
        return seasonDesc;
    }
}

4. 使用enum定义枚举类之后，枚举类常用方法：（继承于java.lang.Enum类）

Season1 summer = Season1.SUMMER;
//toString():返回枚举类对象的名称
System.out.println(summer.toString());

//System.out.println(Season1.class.getSuperclass());
System.out.println("****************");
//values():返回所的枚举类对象构成的数组
Season1[] values = Season1.values();
for(int i = 0;i < values.length;i++){
	System.out.println(values[i]);
}
System.out.println("****************");
Thread.State[] values1 = Thread.State.values();
for (int i = 0; i < values1.length; i++) {
	System.out.println(values1[i]);
}

//valueOf(String objName):返回枚举类中对象名是objName的对象。
Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER");
//如果没objName的枚举类对象，则抛异常：IllegalArgumentException
//Season1 winter = Season1.valueOf("WINTER1");
System.out.println(winter);

5. 使用enum定义枚举类之后，如何让枚举类对象分别实现接口：

interface Info{
    void show();
}

//使用enum关键字枚举类
enum Season1 implements Info{
    //1.提供当前枚举类的对象，多个对象之间用","隔开，末尾对象";"结束
    SPRING("春天","春暖花开"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("春天在哪里？");
        }
    },
    SUMMER("夏天","夏日炎炎"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("宁夏");
        }
    },
    AUTUMN("秋天","秋高气爽"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("秋天不回来");
        }
    },
    WINTER("冬天","冰天雪地"){
        @Override
        public void show() {
            System.out.println("大约在冬季");
        }
    };
}